County courts [1] are the courts of first instance and hear all civil, criminal and misdemeanour matters. There are four county courts in Estonia which divide into courthouses.

In the composition of county courts are land registries, registry departments and probation supervision departments. A land register and marital property register shall be maintained in a land registry department. The registration department maintains a commercial register concerning undertakings within the territorial jurisdiction of the registration department and a non-profit associations and foundations register concerning non-profit associations and foundations within the territorial jurisdiction of the registration department. Probation supervision departments shall perform probation supervision duties.

County courts:

• Harju county court: Tallinn courthouse
• Viru county court: Jõhvi courthouse, Narva courthouse and Rakvere courthouse
• Pärnu county court: Pärnu courthouse, Haapsalu courthouse, Kuressaare courthouse, Rapla courthouse and Paide courthouse
• Tartu county court: Tartu courthouse, Jõgeva courthouse, Viljandi courthouse, Valga courthouse, Võru courthouse and Põlva courthouse